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Authors
Kaffash, Afsaneh
Shobeiri, Saeideh Sadat
Pouraslan, Elham
Kazemzadeh, Asghar
Mohammadi, Fatemeh Doost
Ghazal, Nima
Amini, Mohamad
Ashena, Habib
Khazaei, Zaher
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted under the auspices of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, with ethical approval (IR.MEDSAB.REC.1404.172).
: is not applicable to this study because it is based on publicly available, anonymized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, which does not involve direct human subject participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
