Ouattara, Amed
Adams, Matthew
Niangaly, Amadou
Coulibaly, Drissa
Kone, Abdoulaye K.
Traore, Karim
Cissoko, Yacouba
Kouriba, Bourema
Diallo, Dapa A.
Plowe, Christopher V.
Doumbo, Ogobara K.
Djimdé, Abdoulaye
Laurens, Matthew B.
Takala-Harrison, Shannon
Thera, Mahamadou A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (1K01HL140285-01A1)
NIH (U54CA272205)
NIH (U01AI112367)
NIH (N01-AI-85346)
NIH (HHSN272201300022I)
NIH (1R01AI145852)
NIH (R01AI099628)
Fogarty International Center (D43-TW-001589)
Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The original study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the University of Mali (Reference No. FWA#00001769) and the Institutional Review Board of the University of Maryland (Assurance of Compliance No. M1174-01NR). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the 2018 Declaration of Helsinki [ ] and study participants provided informed consent for the use of genetic data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.