Yahya, Amal
Alrafaie, Alhassan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University ((PSAU/2024/03/28769).)
Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University ((PSAU/2024/03/28769).)
Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (protocol code SCBR-382/2024, approved on 15 December 2024) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All direct patient identifiers (e.g., name, medical record number) were removed by the hospital prior to data release. As this was a retrospective study using de-identified data, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the Institutional Ethics Committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.