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Authors
Liu, Wei-wei
Fu, Lu
Wang, Fei-ying
Zhang, Xiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Nantong Health Commission (QNZ2024057)
The Nantong Science and Technology Bureau (MSZ2024159)
The Jiangsu Hospital Association (JSYGY-3-2020-157)
The Jiangsu Hospital Association (JSYGY-3-2023-363)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted as part of a provincial public health surveillance initiative led by the Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission.The study was reviewed by the Medical Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University. In accordance with Article 32 of China’s ‘Regulations on Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans’ (2016), which stipulates that ethical review is not required for research utilizing existing documented data, the Committee granted an exemption from ethical approval and waived the requirement for individual informed consent (Approval/Exemption Number: 2025-SR-861). All data were analyzed in an anonymized manner.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
