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Authors
Abebaw, Yeshiwork
Ayele, Abaysew
Ghodousi, Arash
Alemayehu, Dawit Hailu
Gebremicael, Gebremedhin
Diriba, Getu
Seid, Getachew
Cabibbe, Andrea Maurizio
Abebe, Markos
Sheth, Anandi
Argaw, Rahel
Abegaz, Woldaregay Erku
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Fogarty International Center (D43TW009127)
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the College of Health Sciences (IRB-CHS), Addis Ababa University (Reference number: 103/20/DMIP), and the EPHI scientific and ethical review committee (Reference numbers EPHI-IRB-239-2020). Thus, informed consent was waived for stored childhood TB isolates by both Addis Ababa University IRB and the EPHI ethical review committee. However, for sample collection from direct study participants, the parents or guardians of all eligible individuals were informed about the study and provided written consent. Additionally, assent was obtained from children aged 12 years and above. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
