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Authors
Fluit, Ramon C.
van der Bie, Sjoerd
van den Akker, Johannes P. C.
van Lelyveld, Steven F. L.
Short, Kirsty
Stads, Susanne
Spronk, Peter
Bethlehem, Carina
Takken, Romy
den Uil, Corstiaan A.
van Holten, Jantine
van Raalte, Rutger
Kuipers, Jurre
Schluep, Marc
Koopmans, Matty
Urlings-Strop, Louise
Haspels-Hogervorst, Esther K.
Disseldorp, Nina E.
Elderman, Jan
Roos, Jasper
Bentvelsen, Robbert G.
Neijzen, Tobias R.
Kiers, Dorien
de Groot, Klaas
Harks, Ingeborg
De Bie, Ashley
de Jager, Peter
Jansen, Angelique C. M.
Deetman, Petronella E.
Groen, Emily Thieme
Haas, Lenneke E. M.
Wilting, Rob
Kranen, Hetty
van den Berg, Charlotte H. S. B.
van Stralen, Karlijn J.
Kant, Merijn
Gommers, Diederik
Wils, Evert-Jan
Endeman, Henrik
Goeijenbier, Marco
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. This study was performed with an opt-out procedure. Before the start of data collection, patients were provided with an information letter allowing them to opt-out of the study if they did not consent to the use of their data. If patients did not opt-out within 2 weeks, their data was collected from the electronic patient files. The data collection involved retrieving clinical data from patient records including demographic information, medical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory and imaging results, parameters of mechanical ventilation, additional treatments, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Data were captured, managed and stored using ResearchManager (ResearchManager B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands; , accessed on 01 October 2023).The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Spaarne Gasthuis, the Netherlands (2024.0024), on 19 March 2024, as well as by the local hospital review committees of all participating hospitals.
: All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
