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Article History

Received: 17 December 2025

Accepted: 7 April 2026

First Online: 17 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The protocol was approved by the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCAN) ethics committee (INCAN/CEI/690/21 on July 08, 2021), in accordance with the local regulation. It was also registered in COFEPRIS under number 12 CEI 0901411 and CONBIOETICA-09-CEI-002-20160413. Informed consent was not applicable as all data was extracted from publicly available and structured databases containing anonymized and aggregated data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interest: JUR is an employee of MSD Colombia, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, who may own stock and/or hold stock options in Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. PP, CV, TNMF and CIP are employees of MSD Brazil, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, who may own stock and/or hold stock options in Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. JW was employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA by the time of the study. ACDS is an employee of IQVIA Brazil. PCJ has received honoraria for presentations, educational events, consulting, and investigational grants from Stendhal, Pfizer, MSD, Knight-Biotoscana, Liomont, and Lilly.