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Authors
Yan, Yuqing
Li, Xinyi
Li, Xiaoshan
Kuang, Lu
Guo, Min
Xu, Tiantian
Hua, Liang
Wang, Changbing
Zhu, Bing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Basic Research Project jointly funded by the city, school, and college (202102010202)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Ethics Committee (Approval Number: [2023]271B00). Informed consent for participation was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating patients via the electronic medical record system, in accordance with institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable. The study used de-identified retrospective data and does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
