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Authors
Wang, Yen-Hsiang
Wong, Yih Shin
Li, Rou-Tzu
Huang, Chi-Chin
Lin, Hung-Yun
Tsai, Yin-Wen
Lin, Yi-Jyuan
Lai, Tzu-Yin
Hsu, Chih-Chieh
Jung, Chiau-Jing
Tai, Ying-Hsuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC112-2320-B-038-055-MY3)
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Article History
Received: 3 January 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (TMU-JIRB; approval number: N202507006; approval date: August 12, 2025) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective design, minimal risk to participants, and use of fully de-identified data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the TMU-JIRB. No identifying personal information was included.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
