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Authors
Ibrahim, Sahardid Hussein https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-2012
Zhou, Zhongliang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Leading Talents Project in Philosophy and Social Sciences of the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant number 2022LJRC02)
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: Our study analyzed secondary data with no identifiable information on human subjects. All participants provided verbal informed consent to the survey enumerators before being enrolled in the interviews. All study methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki regulations. Permission to use the 2020 SHDS dataset for research purposes was obtained from the SNBS. No further ethical approval was required for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
