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Article History

Received: 12 September 2025

Accepted: 17 April 2026

First Online: 27 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is based entirely on publicly available, anonymized, and aggregated data obtained from the GBD database. As no human participants were directly involved and no identifiable personal data were used, ethical approval was not required in accordance with institutional and international guidelines.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve any individual participant data in any form (including personal details, images, or videos); therefore, consent for publication was not needed.

: The authors declare no competing interests.