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Authors
Lai, Penghui
Shao, Enming
Zhu, Zhe
Ma, Jun
Chen, Kewen
Wang, Wei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Startup Fund of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (RCJJ2025-06)
Education Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (C2024201)
Shanghai Innovative Medical Device Application and Demonstration Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (23SHS01900-05)
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Article History
Received: 15 March 2026
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 3 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Approval No. 2026-S012-02; approved on March 17, 2026). The requirement for individual informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design and anonymized data handling.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
