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Authors
Chen, Zou
Zhang, Xuechun
Zhang, Li
Ye, Chuchu
Shen, Yifeng
Wu, Rongxin
Zhao, Bing
Hao, Lipeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Young Medical Talents Training Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission (Grant No. PWRq2024-35)
Pudong New Area Science and Technology Development Fund Public Institutions Livelihood Research Special Medical and Health Project (Grant No. PKJ2025-Y88)
Key Discipline of the Shanghai Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Public Health System (Grant No. GWVl-11.1-02 - Infectious Diseases)
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Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol and the use of data were covered under the ethical approval (Approval No. PWRq2024-35) granted by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians of all participating children.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
