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Authors
Golkocheva-Markova, Elitsa
Lo Presti, Alessandra
Equestre, Michele
Taffon, Stefania
Costantino, Angela
Madonna, Elisabetta
Marcantonio, Cinzia
Arcopinto, Ludovica
Costanzi, Giulia
Kotsev, Stanislav
Velev, Valeri
Ciccaglione, Anna Rita
Bruni, Roberto
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 28 April 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the National Centre of infectious and parasitic diseases (NCIPD) Ethics Committee (IRB00006384, protocol no. 4/2023), Sofia, Bulgaria: as the study was based on archived (residual) samples collected for laboratory diagnostic activity aimed to national HAV surveillance for public health, the Ethics Committee deemed informed consent was not required.
: Not applicable (no individual person’s data).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
