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Authors
Ale, Franck
Riccio, M. Eugenia
Katuala, Yves
Maloko, Théophile
Tonamou, Georges
Gignoux, Etienne
Ciglenecki, Iza
Polonsky, Jonathan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Médecins Sans Frontières
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 18 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the MSF Ethics Review Board and the Research Ethics Committee of Kisangani University, DRC (approval number UNIKIS/CER/004/2019). This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was conducted in accordance with the CIOMS guidelines for epidemiological research [ ]. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants and from legal guardians of participants below 16 years of age. All collected data were pseudo-anonymised and stored on a password-protected remote server.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
