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Article History

Received: 2 December 2025

Accepted: 22 May 2026

First Online: 23 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The sponsor of this study is Caen University Hospital (CHU Caen). This non-interventional retrospective study was submitted to the local ethics committee (CLERS) of the study sponsor and was approved on February 23, 2024 (ID 4920) (Law 88–1138 relative to Biomedical Research of December 20, 1988, modified on August 9, 2004). The research followed all relevant ethical guidelines and regulations and comes in compliance with Helsinki declaration. The study was carried out also in compliance with French regulations. According to French Regulation (articles L. 1461-3 and R. 1461-12 and following of the public health code), obtaining written consent does not apply to research work using such medico-administrative databases. All participant information and samples were securely managed and anonymized, with access limited exclusively to authorized research personnel. The ATIH (Agence Technique de l’Information sur l’Hospitalisation) is responsible for managing the finalized PMSI database each year under approval by the CNIL (National Commission for Data Processing and Civil Liberties).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.