Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 December 2025

Accepted: 1 June 2026

First Online: 12 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective case series design and the use of anonymized clinical data, the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Bach Mai Hospital in accordance with national regulations and institutional policies.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

AI policy compliance: In accordance with the journal’s policy on the use of artificial intelligence, the authors declare that ChatGPT (OpenAI) was used solely to assist with English language editing, stylistic refinement, and standardization of tables and figures. All AI-assisted content was carefully reviewed, revised, and validated by the authors, who take full responsibility for the scientific accuracy, interpretation, and integrity of the manuscript. No AI tools were used for data collection, data analysis, result interpretation, or formulation of scientific conclusions.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.