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Authors
Ndabana, Didier
Nikwigize, Solange
Murego, Felix
Ndayisenga, Jerome
Migambi, Patrick
Andegiorgish, Amanuel Kidane
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
PEPFAR （via U.S. CDC） and the EDCTP3 （via EACCR-3）
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 5 June 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda (approval number: CMHS/IRB/185/2025). Permission to access patient records was obtained from the participating health facilities in Kigali City. As this was a retrospective cohort study using anonymised routinely collected data, informed consent was waived by the ethics committee. No personal identifiers were collected, and data confidentiality was strictly maintained. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
