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Authors
Swain, Amit Pritam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-3277
Varghese, Betsy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0008-4534
Balasubramanian, Sowntappan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-4285
Kanchan, Ngangom https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2185-6309
Dev, Aathira V.
Mandriya, Kamlesh
Ashvinkumar, Jariwala Devang
Katira, Jayesh. M
Prajapati, Harshad P.
Solanki, Jayesh
Patel, Nilam
Chandra, Ramesh
Chauhan, Himanshu
Goel, Atul
Dikid, Tanzin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-0516
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Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2026
First Online: 9 June 2026
Declarations
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: This investigation was carried out with the purpose of identifying the risk factors of CHPVD during an outbreak and to institute immediate control measures to prevent morbidity and mortality as part of the public health response of Gujarat State Health Department and NCDC. Ethical approval was exempted and not applicable as the investigation was conducted as part of public health response and consistent with applicable state and central government law (Epidemic Diseases Act no.3, 1897). The field response did not involve any human or animal laboratory sample collection for research purposes, or intervention. Strict data protection protocols reviewed by NCDC, ethical principles and guidelines by the Government of India, and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards were followed during public health response. Informed consent was taken from all the participants and from the parents or legal guardians for all participant under the age of 16 years before interview.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
