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Authors
Perumal, Nita
Peine, Caroline
Steffen, Annika
Wichmann, Ole
Harder, Thomas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Robert Koch-Institut
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Article History
Received: 17 March 2026
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 13 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was deemed not necessary; therefore, this study was not submitted to an Ethics Review Board. All data were collected as part of routine surveillance under public health law (German Infection Protection Act) and anonymized prior to transmission to the Robert Koch Institute. The authors did not have access to identifiable individual data. Similarly, the need for consent to participate was deemed unnecessary under the German Infection Protection Act and because the data were anonymized.
: Consent for publication was deemed not necessary. All data were collected as part of routine surveillance under public health law (German Infection Protection Act) and anonymized prior to transmission to the Robert Koch Institute. The authors did not have access to identifiable individual data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
