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Pathogen distribution characteristics and risk factors of pulmonary infection associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a case control study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13834-1

Published Online: 2026-06-25

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Tian, Ruixin

Cui, Xiaoman

Wang, Lantao

Yan, Li

Wang, Ping https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6236-8476
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

S&T Program of HeBei (No.22377715D)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-25

Version of Record valid from 2026-08-18
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Article History

Received: 19 March 2026

Accepted: 15 June 2026

First Online: 25 June 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The ethical standards of this study originate from international consensus represented by the Declaration of Helsinki, and are specifically implemented and supervised in China through a series of laws and regulations including the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. The study was approved by the Institutional Review board at the Ethics Review Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (No. 2023KS206). The Ethics Review Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University waived the requirement for written informed consent owing to the retrospective nature of the study; participants were also given the option to opt-out.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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