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Authors
Wang, Sheng-Huei
Chen, Wei-Cheng
Chan, Ming-Cheng
Yang, Kuang-Yao
Sheu, Chau-Chyun
Wu, Biing-Ru
Huang, Wei-Hsuan
Feng, Jia-Yih
Chen, Chia-Min
Weng, Tzu-Hsuan
Chiu, Yi‑Lin
Peng, Chung-Kan
Shen, Chih-Hao
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2026
Accepted: 22 June 2026
First Online: 1 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study was in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of five hospitals, and informed consent was waived due to the retrospective study design. The IRB registration numbers were A202005146 (Tri-Service General Hospital), CMUH110-REC1-139 (China Medical University Hospital), CE18100A (Taichung Veterans General Hospital), 2020-11-006AC (Taipei Veterans General Hospital), and KMUHIRB-E(I)-20180141 (Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
