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Authors
Tuo, Kolotioloman Jérémie
Diallo, Kanny
Amoikon, Tiémélé Laurent-Simon
Missa, Kouassi Firmin
Gboko, Kossia Debia Thérèse
Gragnon, Biego Guillaume
Ngoi, Joyce Mwongeli
Wilkinson, Robert J.
Awandare, Gordon
Bonfoh, Bassirou
Zézé, Adolphe
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Francis Crick Institute
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Accepted: 22 June 2026
First Online: 30 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures involving human participants were performed in compliance with internationally accepted ethical standards. This project was approved by the National Ethics Committee for Life Sciences and Health (Ethical approval number: IRB000111917) of the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire in 2020 before the work was carried out. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participating children, and assent was obtained from children aged 10 years and older in accordance with the ethical approval from the national ethical committee. The school medical doctors (PNSSU) associated with the selected schools were involved to ensure the safety of the interventions.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
