Document is current

Article History

Received: 20 December 2025

Accepted: 26 June 2026

First Online: 1 July 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval: The declaration of Helsinki was followed in conducting this study and ethical clearance was obtained from Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee (Reference number: IHRERC/214/2023). Additionally, informed, voluntary, written, and signed consent was obtained from the head of the Wachamo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Each participant received detailed information on the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Additionally, participants were made aware of their freedom to leave the study at any time without facing any consequences. All study participants in this study provide informed, voluntary, written and signed consent prior to their involvement. To ensure the confidentiality of the data, the study participants were identified via codes, and unauthorized persons were not able to access the collected data. In addition, the clinical specimens collected during the study period were used for the stated objectives only. Abnormal findings are reported to facilitate improved clinical management, as ignoring such results would be ethically inappropriate, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.