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Authors
Pam, Martin Zang
Odoom, Alex
Twum, Seth
Manu-Boateng, Samuel
Ahiabor, Wisdom K.
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 10 July 2026
First Online: 16 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study did not require ethical approval or participant consent as it utilized secondary data drawn from the public domain. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO systematic review and meta-analysis database (ID No: CRD420251185459).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
