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Authors
Musa, Abdualmoniem O.
Hajnour, Abdel Rhman S.
Almuatasim, Asma Mohammed
Elnaem, Elddai H.
Karar, Amal Huseen
Hassan, Ahmed A.
Abdallah, Tajeldin M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Funding program - Research Chairs King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ((ORF-RC-2025-0500))
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2026
Accepted: 24 July 2026
First Online: 28 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study received the ethics approval by the ethical board of the Ministry of health, Kassala state, Kassala, Sudan, under reference (No.28). All participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. To protect patient privacy and maintain strict confidentiality, all personal identifiers were entirely excluded during data collection.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
