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Authors
Sada, Ryuichi Minoda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1455-6822
Yamamoto, Shungo
Toyokawa, Takao
Takahashi, Toru
Yamanaka, Atsushi
Kawamura, Masafumi
Yokota, Kyoko
Fukumori, Yusuke
Taniguchi, Tomohiro
Tanizaki, Ryutaro
Iwata, Kentaro
Sakabe, Shigetoshi
Kiyotoki, Shu
Kutsuna, Satoshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Nippon Foundation – The University of Osaka Project for Infectious Disease Prevention.
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 31 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of the University of Osaka Hospital (approval number 22549; approved on June 20, 2023) and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or, when appropriate, from their legally authorized representatives.
Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants. Additional written informed consent was obtained for publication of the photographs in the supplementary materials. Copies of the consent forms are available for review by the Editor on request.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
