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Authors
Ye, Yuanwen
Li, Feifei
Lin, Liangen
Chen, Linglong
Yang, Baohua
Wei, Xiaowu
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 3 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database (version 2.0), which is a publicly available de-identified database containing retrospective healthcare data from critically ill patients. Individual patient consent was waived due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the data. The first author completed the required training (Record ID: 43546933) and signed the Data Use Agreement to access MIMIC. This secondary analysis of de-identified data was deemed exempt from additional ethical review by the IRB of Wenzhou People’s Hospital. Throughout the study, we strictly adhered to the MIMIC data usage guidelines, ensuring no attempt to re-identify individuals or redistribute raw data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
