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Determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes among patients under facility-based directly observed therapy (DOT) follow-up in Rwanda (2021–2023): a retrospective analysis of national surveillance data

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-14148-y

Published Online: 2026-07-31

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Richard, Kubwimana

Albert, Ndagijimana
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-07-31

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-07-31
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Article History

Received: 16 March 2026

Accepted: 29 July 2026

First Online: 31 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study received ethical approval from the University of Rwanda Ethics Committee (Reference No. CMHS/IRB/747/2024). The Institutional Review Board of the University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, granted a waiver of informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of routinely collected de-identified surveillance data. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. No personal identifiers were extracted from the electronic database, and the dataset was securely stored to maintain confidentiality.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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