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Authors
Beieler, Alison M.
Lan, Kristine F.
Dhanireddy, Shireesha
Bryson-Cahn, Chloe
Li, Audrey
Chan, Jeannie D.
Hartlage, Whitney
Kramer, Preston
Kim, H. Nina
Simmons, Jason D.
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the University of Washington (UW) institutional review board. The investigation was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent was waived, as this is a retrospective observational cohort study that involves no more than minimal risk, is deemed impracticable without the waiver, and utilizes identifiable data.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
