Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Chotaliya, Gaurav V. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1593-8551
Mehta, Krunal D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-9145
Shrivastav, Vaibhavkumar N. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2376-146X
Karangia, Mohil https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9166-2752
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 25 June 2026
Accepted: 11 August 2026
First Online: 17 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This was a prospective, hospital-based observational study conducted in the Department of Microbiology at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Western Gujarat, India. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of MP Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar (Reference No: [IEC/215/03/2023], dated 22-07-2024 before commencement. As the study used residual urine samples submitted to the laboratory for routine clinical care, with anonymisation of all patient identifiers before analysis, the requirement for individual written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Ethics Committee. All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any person’s identifying data, images or clinical details.
Use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: In line with the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the authors disclose that a generative artificial intelligence (AI) language model was used to assist with language editing, structural organisation and the drafting of selected sections of this manuscript. The AI tool was used solely as a writing aid: it did not generate, analyse or interpret any of the primary microbiological data, did not author or co-author the work, and was not consulted as a source for any factual or scientific claim. All study design, laboratory procedures, data acquisition, statistical analysis and scientific interpretation were performed by the named human authors. Every sentence produced with AI assistance was reviewed, verified against the original data and primary literature, and edited by the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity and originality of the entire content of this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
