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Authors
Li, Jiaru
Xia, Yixuan
Zhang, Linjie
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 2 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (protocol code 2025PS19311K). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Gansu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, as this study utilized fully anonymized retrospective clinical data, and the research posed no more than minimal risk to the participants.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
