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Authors
Jallow, Mamadou J. S.
Osei, Isaac
Wutor, Baleng Mahama
Barjo, Ousman
Omotosho, Mayowa
Wally, Muhammed
Minteh, Molfa
Kuyateh, Alieu
Drammeh, Momodou M.
Mendy, Susan
Badji, Henry
Jallow, Samba Juma
Sarwar, Golam
Salaudeen, Rasheed
Mackenzie, Grant A.
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Article History
Received: 7 December 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The PVS clinical trial received approval from The Gambia Government/Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia Joint Ethics Committee (reference: 1577) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee (reference: 14515). Our research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. We obtained written informed consent from parents or legal guardians of all children enrolled in the PVS studies. We maximised beneficence by reporting all identified antimicrobial susceptibility profiles immediately to the attending clinicians to guide individualised, effective clinical management.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
