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Authors
Al-Thobhani, Assem https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5553-5523
Alghalibi, Saeed Munasser https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6972-4719
Abdullah, Qais Yusuf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2766-5021
Edrees, Wadhah Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-0466
Al-Nowihi, Mofeed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-3210
Al-Arnoot, Saad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2463-3972
Al-Bana, Mohammed Najeeb https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2566-9121
Al-Akhali, Basem https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1972-0110
Al-Shehari, Wadee Abdullah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3375-0559
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Article History
Received: 18 April 2026
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 24 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics and consent to participate: This study received approval from the Research Ethics Review Committee at the Faculty of Science, Sana’a University, under number BM-02-23 and dated 11 April 2021. This study complies with Yemeni Public Health Law No. (4) of 2009 and adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki. An official letter was sent to hospitals and health centers explaining the purpose of this study, and they subsequently authorized the collection of samples from the participants. The objectives and importance of the study were also explained to the parents of the participants. Since all participants in the study were children under the age of five, written informed consent was obtained from all their parents or legal guardians before their inclusion in the study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
