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Authors
Zhao, Ming-wen
Yang, Jie
Li, Yong-hui
Qiu, Peng
Zhang, Yu
Zhang, Xiao-wen
Gao, Shan
Wang, Jing
Zhao, Pei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hebei Provincial Medical Science Research Project (No.: 20260048)
Hebei Program for Tracking Medical Appropriate Technologies (No.: GZ20260090)
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2026
Accepted: 21 September 2026
First Online: 30 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Hebei General Hospital (No.2024-LW-0210). As a retrospective study using anonymized routine clinical and laboratory data collected during standard medical care, the Ethics Committee granted a waiver of informed consent for participation. No new interventions or samples were obtained, and all data were analyzed anonymously with strict protection of patient privacy.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
