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Authors
Wang, Xing
Wu, Houde
Wang, Longshuang
Chen, Jingxu
Li, Yi
He, Xinliu
Chen, Ting
Wang, Minghui
Guo, Li
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2024
Accepted: 16 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Chest Hospital. Given that the research is retrospective and uses anonymized clinical data without direct participant interaction, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for formal ethical approval and informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
