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Authors
Wang, Zhen
Fan, Zhao-Qing
Wang, Li-Ze
Cao, Kun
Long, Rong
Luo, Yao
Li, Xiao-Ting
You, Liang
Li, Qing-Yang
Sun, Ying-Shi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3402805)
the Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences (2023GLLH0122)
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 23 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No.2018KT33). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants in the prospective training cohort in this study.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figs. , and .
: The authors declare no competing interests.
