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Authors
Zhao, Ting
Lin, Guihan
Chen, Weiyue
Wu, Jianhua
Hu, Weiming
Xu, Lei
Chen, Yongjun
Jing, Yang
Shen, Lin
Xia, Shuiwei
Lu, Chenying
Chen, Minjiang
Ji, Jiansong
Chen, Weiqian
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2024
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Committee of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University approved this study and waived informed consent. (No. 2024 − 508).Our study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.
: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.
: Not applicable.
: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise in advanced data analysis and machine learning techniques, with over 7 years of experience in the field.
: Study subjects or cohorts have not been previously reported.
: Methodology: retrospective; observational; multicenter study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
