Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Handayani, Vitria Wuri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-0118
Margareth Amiatun Ruth, Mieke Sylvia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-0157
Rulaningtyas, Riries https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7058-1566
Caesarardhi, Muhammad Rasyad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-8849
Yudhantorro, Bayu Azra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-4753
Yudianto, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-768X
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 2 May 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 25 August 2025
Declarations
:
: This study complies with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, particularly paragraphs 16–18, which emphasize that the well-being of research participants is paramount, surpassing the interests of scientific advancement and societal benefit. Paragraphs 19–23 emphasize that all research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by an independent ethics committee. An authorization letter from the Dental and Oral Hospital of Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, dated April 28, 2023, with registration number 430/UN3.9.3/PT/2023, indicating that this study utilized archived data derived from patient medical records and radiographic images. All data were anonymized prior to analysis, and patient Informed Consent was waived in accordance with institutional and national guidelines. This study received authorization for the use of the cranium from the Anatomy Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, as indicated by letter number 2875/UN3.1.1/DL/2023, dated May 24, 2023. Additionally, this study has received validation from the Human Subject Ethics Board at the Dental Hospital of Universitas Airlangga, which has issued ethical approval under the number 316/HERCC. FODM/III/2023, and adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
