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Article History

Received: 3 May 2025

Accepted: 19 September 2025

First Online: 22 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital Tianfu District (Center A) (Approval No. KY2024-067-01) and the ethics committee of Wuhou District (Center B). The requirement for written informed consent was waived by both ethics committees due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data. This waiver is consistent with national regulations and did not compromise the rights or welfare of the participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.