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Article History

Received: 4 May 2025

Accepted: 17 October 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013) and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (No.1612167-18).

: Informed consent for this retrospective analysis was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.