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Authors
Wu, Ting-Hsuan
Shen, Yen-Wen
Fuh, Lih-Jyh
Huang, Heng-Li
Hsu, Jui-Ting
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU113-S-07)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University Hospital (approval number CMUH 111-REC3-205). The study was conducted in accordance with the “Declaration of Helsinki”.
: The need for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
