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Authors
Jia, Xi
Wu, Fei
Liu, Jing
Wang, Fang
Xiao, Yuyao
Wu, Dijia
Yang, Chun
Zeng, Mengsu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371923)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202240152)
China National Key R&D Program (2022YFC2401605)
Scientific Research Development Plan of SHDC and UNITED IMAGING
Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23Y11907400)
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study (B2021-682R) was authorized by Zhongshan hospital’s institutional review committee, following ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to its retrospective nature, written informed consent was not required. We ensured strict confidentiality and protection of patient data.
: Patient informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
