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Authors
Wang, Zixuan
Zhang, Cheng
Zhu, Xuemei
Niu, Kai
Liu, Shanshan
Wang, Shenglin
Zhou, Xingyu
Wang, Dingben
Xu, Nanfang
He, Zhiqiang
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study utilized fully anonymized X-ray images from Peking University Third Hospital with no identifiable patient information. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital confirmed that Ethics approval and consent to participate was waived for this study.
: The need for individual consent for publication was waived by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital due to the retrospective nature of the study and the complete anonymization of all data.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
