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Authors
Zhang, Zhehao
Shao, Zhenhong
Hu, Guotian
He, Xiuchao
Lu, Qingqing
Pan, Yuning
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo (No. 2024Z220)
the Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo (No. 2022S133)
the Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (No. 2024S026)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. KLY25H200010)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective analysis was approved by institutional review boards at The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University (Approval 2025 No.040 A) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards, with waivers granted for individual informed consent due to de-identified data usage.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
