Tuya, E.
Li, Hao
Li, Yongbin
Zhou, Jingyu
Xu, Demin
Liu, Ziwei
Hua, Zixuan
Zhu, Tianqi
Shan, Huiming
Zhang, Yaofeng
Wang, Xiaoying
Ma, Kun
Cheng, Guanxun
Xie, Tingting
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund and Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Scientific Research Fund (KYQD2023301)
Shenzhen Basic Research Project, Natural Science Foundation of China (JCYJ20250604183707010)
Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Foundation Program (No.2025262)
Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013) and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University First Hospital [IRB numbers: 2019 (169)] and Peking University Shenzhen Hospital [IRB numbers: 2021 (071) and 2021 (071) -1]. Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized patient data throughout, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.