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Authors
Wang, Yilin
Yuan, Letian
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study involving human data was conducted in full compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital (code: SDPH 3,456,792). This study used routine MRI examination data (DWI/ADC is the preoperative diagnostic standard procedure), therefore the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital exempted informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing financial interest.
