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Article History

Received: 10 October 2025

Accepted: 25 December 2025

First Online: 3 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was carried out at the radiation oncology ward of Kosar Hospital (Semnan, Iran). The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (Ref. No. 330099540, Ethics code: IR.SEMUMS.REC.1403.329). The MR images of Glioma, Meningioma, and Brain-METs patients under treatment in the radiation oncology ward of Kosar Hospital (Semnan, Iran) from 2023 up to 2025 were used, available in the hospital PACS system. Patients’ informed consent was obtained, and all images were anonymized before use. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The corresponding author, Sanaz Alibabaei, affirms that this manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable. No patient data or images are shown, and all illustrated MR images are anonymized.

: While preparing this work, the authors used chatGPT to improve the writing of some sentences, shorten the text, and check the grammar. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the sentences and content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.