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Authors
Dong, Yang
Song, Jiadong
Zhang, Jiaye
Tao, Juan
Yang, Xingrong
Liu, Yuejun
Wang, Shaowu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271975)
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board / Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Approval No. 2022053). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the same ethics committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
