Zhang, Ying
Zhang, Feng
Wu, Huawei
Wang, Yu
Yu, Xiao
Lin, Shusen
Yu, Ye
Wei, Jiaxu
Zhou, Yan
Article History
Received: 18 August 2024
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethics approval (No. LY2023-019-B) was granted by the institutional review board (IRB) of Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital. The IRB waived informed consent requirement for this retrospective study. We adhered to China’s Regulations on Ethical Review of Biomedical Research and relevant guidelines, including the Guidelines for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, and the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.